Retinal Detachment: Types, Causes and Symptoms
The retina is a light-sensitive membrane located at the back of the eye. When light passes through your eye, the lens focuses an image on your retina. The retina converts the image to signals that it sends to your brain through the optic nerve. The retina works with the cornea, lens, and other parts of your eye and brain to produce normal vision.
Retinal detachment occurs when the retina separates from the back of your eye. This causes loss of vision that can be partial or total, depending on how much of the retina is detached. When your retina becomes detached, its cells may be seriously deprived of oxygen. Retinal detachment is a medical emergency. Call your doctor right away if you suffer any sudden vision changes.
There’s a risk of permanent vision loss if retinal detachment is left untreated or if treatment is delayed.
Symptoms of retinal detachment
There’s no pain associated with retinal detachment, but there are usually symptoms before your retina becomes detached. Primary symptoms include:
- blurred vision
- partial vision loss, which makes it seem as if a curtain has been pulled across your field of vision, with a dark shadowing effect
- sudden flashes of light that appear when looking to the side
- suddenly seeing many floaters, which are small bits of debris that appear as black flecks or strings floating before your eye
Types and causes of retinal detachment
There are three types of retinal detachment:
- rhegmatogenous
- tractional
- exudative
Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment
If you have a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, you have a tear or hole in your retina. This allows fluid from within your eye to slip through the opening and get behind your retina. The fluid separates the retina from the retinal pigment epithelium, which is the membrane that provides your retina with nourishment and oxygen, causing the retina to detach. This is the most common type of retinal detachment.
Tractional retinal detachment
Tractional retinal detachment occurs when scar tissue on the retina’s surface contracts and causes your retina to pull away from the back of your eye. This is a less common type of detachment that typically affects people with diabetes mellitus. Poorly controlled diabetes mellitus can lead to issues with the retinal vascular system, and this vascular damage can later lead to scar tissue accumulation in your eye that could cause retinal detachment.
Exudative detachment
In exudative detachment, there are no tears or breaks in your retina. Retinal diseases such as the following cause this type of detachment:
- an inflammatory disorder causing fluid accumulation behind your retina
- cancer behind your retina
- Coats’ disease, which causes abnormal development in the blood vessels such that they leak proteins that build up behind your retina
Who is at risk for retinal detachment?
Risk factors for retinal detachment include:
- posterior vitreous detachment, which is common in older adults
- extreme nearsightedness, which causes more strain on the eye
- a family history of retinal detachment
- trauma to your eye
- being over 50 years old
- prior history of retinal detachment
- complications from cataract removal surgery
- diabetes mellitus
- your vision
- your eye pressure
- the physical appearance of your eye
- your ability to see colors
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What is endocrinology?
Endocrinology is a field in biology and medicine that deals with the endocrine system. The organs involved in the endocrine system include the pituitary, thyroid, adrenals, ovaries, testes and pancreas. These glands secrete hormones into the blood. Hormones of the endocrine system perform a variety of functions, and some hormones may have different effects depending on which organ is targeted. Organs may be targeted by a number of different hormones.
Endocrinopathy or endocrinosis are the terms used for diseases of the endocrine system. However, these conditions are often called hormone imbalances. Endocrinology may involve diagnosing and treating diseases of this system. Diagnosis often encompasses evaluating for a variety of symptoms and requires knowledge of clinical chemistry and biochemistry. Many laboratory tests also are used, including diagnostic imaging. Managing these diseases often requires long-term treatment and may involve treating the patient as a whole and maintaining observation of changes at the cellular or molecular level.
Endocrinologists must deal with many systems within the body, and researchers in the endocrinology field have tried to determine how the glands work. Researchers have also developed new drugs and treatments for hormone problems.
Other concerns of endocrinology include the integration of developmental events such as proliferation, growth and differentiation. Processes of differentiation may include histogenesis and organogenesis. Endocrinology also entails the coordination of many of the body’s systems, including metabolism, respiration, excretion, movement, reproduction and sensory perception. These systems may be examined on a chemical or cellular level and are observed based on chemical cues and secretions by various organs within the body.
Diseases, treatments
Endocrine diseases are caused when hormone levels are too high or too low, or when the body does not react to hormones the way it is supposed to.
The most common endocrine disease in the U.S. is diabetes. However, other conditions treated within endocrinology include osteoporosis, menopause, obesity, short stature, thyroid disease, hypertension and infertility.
Treatments typically involve controlling the amount of hormone the body produces, and, in cases of hormone deficiency, the use of hormone supplements.
Fast facts on endocrinology
Here are some key points about endocrinology. More information is in the main article.
- Endocrinology involves a wide range of systems within the human body.
- The endocrine tissues include the adrenal gland, hypothalamus, ovaries, and testes.
- There are three broad groups of endocrine disorders.
- Polycystic ovary syndrome is the most common endocrine disorder in women.
Diseases
A hormone imbalance can result from genetic or environmental factors.
Some infants are born with hormonal problems that can lead to a range of health issues, such as low growth.
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals, such as pesticides, lead, and phthalates, which are used in plastic food containers, can sometimes lead to hormonal problems.
There are three broad groups of endocrine disorders:
- A gland does not produce enough of its hormones. This is known as endocrine gland hyposecretion
- A gland produces too much of its hormones, also referred to as hypersecretion.
- Tumors develop in the endocrine glands. They may be malignant, or cancerous, but they may also be benign, or non-cancerous.
What can go wrong?
Here are some examples of what can happen if a gland secretes too much or too little of its hormones.
Adrenal Gland
- Hypersecretion may lead to over-nervousness, sweating, raised blood pressure, and Cushing’s disease
- Hyposecretion may lead to Addison’s disease, Mineralocorticoid deficiency, weight loss, loss of energy, and anemia.
Pancreas
- Hypersecretion may lead to hyperinsulinism, too much insulin can lead to low blood glucose
- Hyposecretion may lead to one type of diabetes
Parathyroid Gland
- Hypersecretion may lead to brittle bones that fracture easily, as well as stones in the urinary system
- Hyposecretion may lead to involuntary muscle contractions, or tetany, caused by low levels of calcium in plasma
Thyroid Gland
- Hyperthyroidism most often stems from Graves’ disease. It can lead to accelerated metabolism, sweating, arrhythmia or irregular heart beat, weight loss, and nervousness.
- Hypothyroidism may lead to tiredness, weight gain, depression, abnormal bone development, developmental delay, and stunted growth.
Pituitary Gland
- Hypersecretion may lead to gigantism, or excessive growth
- Hyposecretion may lead to slow bone growth and short stature
Thymus Gland
- Hypersecretion may lead to an overactive immune system which overreacts to perceived threats. This may result in an autoimmune disease.
- Hyposecretion may lead to a weakened immune system, where the body is unable to fight infection and easily succumbs to viruses, bacteria, and other pathogens.
Source: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/248679.php
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Are Microplastics in Food a Threat to Your Health?
Most people use plastic every day. However, this material generally isn’t biodegradable. Over time, it breaks down into tiny pieces called microplastics, which can be harmful to the environment.
What’s more, recent studies have shown that microplastics are found commonly in food, particularly seafood. Nevertheless, it is unclear whether these microplastics affect human health. This article will take an in-depth look at microplastics and whether they are a threat to your health.
What Are Microplastics?
Microplastics are small pieces of plastic that are found in the environment. They are defined as plastic particles less than 0.2 inches (5 mm) in diameter. They are either produced as small plastics, such as microbeads added to toothpaste and exfoliants, or are created when larger plastics are broken down in the environment. Microplastics are common in oceans, rivers and soil and are often consumed by animals.
A number of studies in the 1970s began investigating the levels of microplastics in the oceans and found high levels in the Atlantic Ocean off the US. These days, due to the world’s increasing use of plastic, there is much more plastic in rivers and oceans. An estimated 8.8 million tons (8 million metric tonnes) of plastic waste enter the ocean every year. A whopping 276,000 tons (250,000 metric tonnes) of this plastic is currently floating at sea, while the rest has likely sunk or washed ashore.
Microplastics in Food
Microplastics are increasingly found in many different environments, and food is no exception. One recent study examined 15 different brands of sea salt and found up to 273 microplastic particles per pound (600 particles per kilogram) of salt. Other studies have found up to 300 microplastic fibers per pound (660 fibers per kilogram) of honey and up to about 109 microplastic fragments per quart (109 fragments per liter) of beer.
However, the most common source of microplastics in food is seafood. Because microplastics are particularly common in sea water, they are commonly consumed by fish and other marine organisms. Recent studies have shown that certain fish mistake plastic for food, which can lead to toxic chemicals accumulating inside fish liver.
A recent study found that microplastics were even present in deep-sea organisms, suggesting that microplastics are affecting even the most remote species. What’s more, mussels and oysters are at a much higher risk of microplastic contamination than most other species. A recent study found that mussels and oysters harvested for human consumption had 0.36–0.47 particles of microplastic per gram, meaning that shellfish consumers could ingest up to 11,000 particles of microplastic per year (17).
Are Microplastics Affecting Your Health?
Although a number of studies have shown there are microplastics present in food, it is still unclear what effect they may have on your health. Thus far, very few studies have examined how microplastics affect human health and disease. Phthalates, a type of chemical used to make plastic flexible, have been shown to increase the growth of breast cancer cells. However, this research was carried out in a petri dish, so the results can’t be generalized to humans.
A recent study examined the effects of microplastics in laboratory mice. When fed to mice, the microplastics accumulated in the liver, kidneys and intestines, and increased levels of oxidative stress molecules in the liver. They also increased the level of a molecule that may be toxic to the brain.
Microparticles including microplastics have been shown to pass from the intestines into the blood and potentially into other organs. Plastics have also been found in humans. One study found that plastic fibers were present in 87% of the human lungs studied. The researchers proposed this may be due to microplastics present in the air.
Some studies have shown that microplastics in the air may cause lung cells to produce inflammatory chemicals. However, this has only been shown in test-tube studies. BISPHENOL A (BPA) is one of the best studied chemicals found in plastic. It is usually found in plastic packaging or food storage containers and can leak out into food. Some evidence has shown that BPA can interfere with reproductive hormones, especially in women.
How to Avoid Microplastics in Food
Microplastics are found in many different human food sources. However, it is still unclear how they affect human health. The highest concentrations of microplastics in the food chain appear to be in fish, particularly shellfish. Because little is known about how microplastics affect health, it is not necessary to avoid shellfish entirely. However, it may be beneficial to eat high-quality shellfish from known sources.
In addition, some plastics can leak into food from packaging. Limiting your use of plastic food packaging may curb your microplastic intake, and benefit the environment in the process.
SUMMARY Shellfish appear to be the greatest source of microplastics in the food chain, so make sure to choose high-quality shellfish from known sources. Limiting plastic food packaging may also reduce your microplastic intake.
The Bottom Line
Microplastics are either purposely produced to be small, like microbeads in cosmetics, or formed from the breakdown of larger plastics. Unfortunately, microplastics are present throughout the environment, including in the air, water and food.
Seafood, particularly shellfish, contains high concentrations of microplastics that may accumulate in your body after you eat these foods.
How microplastics affect human health is currently unclear. However, results from animal and test-tube studies suggest they may have negative effects.
Reducing your use of plastic food packaging is one of most effective ways you can reduce plastic in the environment and in the food chain.
It’s a step that will benefit the environment and probably your health, as well.
Written by Ruairi Robertson, PhD on May 9, 2018
Source: https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/microplastics
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Eight Health Benefits of eating Nuts
Nuts are a very popular food. They’re tasty, convenient and can be enjoyed on all kinds of diets. Despite being high in fat, they also have a number of impressive benefits for your health (and weight).
What Are Nuts?
Nuts are technically considered a fruit. However, unlike most types of fruit, they aren’t sweet and are high in fat. They contain a hard, inedible outer shell that usually needs to be cracked open to release the fruit inside. Fortunately, you can buy most nuts from the store “pre-shelled” so that you don’t have to crack them open yourself.
Here is a list of some of the most commonly consumed nuts:
- Almonds
- Brazil nuts
- Cashews
- Hazelnuts
- Macadamia nuts
- Pecans
- Pine nuts
- Pistachios
- Walnuts
Although peanuts are technically legumes like peas and beans, they are often referred to as nuts because they have similar nutrition profiles and characteristics.
1. Nuts Are a Great Source of Many Nutrients
Nuts are highly nutritious. One ounce (28 grams) of mixed nuts contains:
- Calories:173
- Protein:5 grams
- Fat:16 grams, including 9 grams of monounsaturated fat
- Carbs:6 grams
- Fiber:3 grams
- Vitamin E:12% of the RDI
- Magnesium:16% of the RDI
- Phosphorus:13% of the RDI
- Copper:23% of the RDI
- Manganese:26% of the RDI
- Selenium:56% of the RDI
Some nuts have higher amounts of certain nutrients than others. For instance, just one Brazil nut provides more than 100% of the RDI for selenium. The carb content of nuts is highly variable. Hazelnuts, macadamia nuts and Brazil nuts have less than 2 grams of digestible carbs per serving, while cashews have almost 8 digestible carbs per serving.
2. Nuts Are Loaded With Antioxidants
Nuts are an antioxidant powerhouse. Antioxidants help control free radicals, which are unstable molecules produced as a normal part of metabolism. Free radical production increases in response to heavy sun exposure, stress, pollution and other causes.
Although free radicals can play a beneficial role in immune response, having too many can lead to cell damage. When your level of free radicals is too high, your body is said to be in a state of oxidative stress, which increases disease risk. The antioxidants in plant foods, including the polyphenols found in nuts, can combat oxidative stress by neutralizing free radicals so they can’t harm your cells.
The ORAC is a test that measures a food’s capacity to fight free radicals. One study found that the ORAC of walnuts was greater than that of fish. Research has shown that the antioxidants in walnuts and almonds can protect the delicate fats in your cells from being damaged by oxidation. In one study, 13 people consumed walnuts, almonds or a control meal on three separate occasions. Both nut meals led to higher polyphenol levels and significantly less oxidative damage compared to the control meal.
BOTTOM LINE: Nuts contain antioxidants known as polyphenols, which may protect cells and LDL cholesterol from damage.
3. Nuts Can Help You Lose Weight
Although they’re considered a high-calorie food, research suggests that nuts may actually help you lose weight. One large study called the PREDIMED study assessed the effects of the Mediterranean diet. Analysis of data from a subgroup of the study found that those assigned to eat nuts lost an average of 2 inches (5 cm) from their waists, which is significantly more than those assigned to eat olive oil.
Almonds have consistently been shown to promote weight loss rather than weight gain in controlled studies. One study found that pistachios may also be helpful for weight loss. In one study of overweight women, those who consumed almonds lost nearly three times as much weight and experienced a significantly greater decrease in waist size compared to the control group.
BOTTOM LINE: Nuts have been shown to help promote weight loss rather than contribute to weight gain. Several studies have found that the body doesn’t absorb all of the calories in nuts.
4. Nuts Can Lower Cholesterol and Triglycerides
Nuts have impressive effects on cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Pistachios have been shown to lower triglycerides in obese people and diabetics. In one 12-week study, obese people who ate pistachios had triglycerides that were nearly 33% lower than the control group.
The cholesterol-lowering power of nuts is believed to be due in part to their high content of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Almonds and hazelnuts appear to reduce total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol while increasing HDL (“good”) cholesterol levels. One study found that ground, sliced or whole hazelnuts had similar beneficial effects on cholesterol.
BOTTOM LINE: Nuts may help lower total and LDL cholesterol and triglycerides while boosting levels of HDL cholesterol.
5. Nuts Are Beneficial for Type 2 Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome
Type 2 diabetes is a common disease that affects hundreds of millions of people. Having a condition called metabolic syndrome is strongly associated with type 2 diabetes. Interestingly, nuts may be one of the best foods for people with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes.
First off, they are low in carbs and don’t raise blood sugar levels much. Substituting nuts for higher-carb foods should lead to reduced blood sugar levels. Studies suggest that eating nuts may also lower oxidative stress, blood pressure and other health markers in people with diabetes and metabolic syndrome.
BOTTOM LINE:Several studies have shown that blood sugar, blood pressure and others health markers improve when nuts are included in diets of people with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome.
6. Nuts Can Help Reduce Inflammation
Nuts have strong anti-inflammatory properties. Inflammation is your body’s way of defending itself from injury, as well as bacteria and other potentially harmful pathogens. However, chronic (long-term) inflammation can cause damage to organs and increase disease risk. Research suggests that eating nuts may reduce inflammation and promote healthy aging.
BOTTOM LINE:Research suggests that nuts may be helpful for reducing inflammation, especially in people with diabetes, kidney disease and other serious health conditions.
7. Nuts Are High in Fiber
Fiber provides many health benefits. Although your body can’t digest fiber, the bacteria that live in your colon can. Many types of fiber function as prebiotics or “food” for your healthy gut bacteria. Your gut bacteria then ferment the fiber and turn it into beneficial short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs).
Here are the nuts with the highest fiber content per 1-oz (28-gram) serving:
- Almonds:5 grams
- Pistachios:9 grams
- Hazelnuts:9 grams
- Pecans:9 grams
- Peanuts:6 grams
- Macadamias:4 grams
- Brazil nuts:1 grams
BOTTOM LINE:Many nuts are high in fiber, which can reduce disease risk, help keep you full, decrease calorie absorption and improve gut health.
8. Nuts Can Reduce Your Risk of Heart Attack and Stroke
Nuts are extremely good for your heart.
Several studies suggest that nuts help lower heart disease and stroke risk because of their benefits for cholesterol levels, LDL particle size, artery function and inflammation. Studies have found that small, dense LDL particles may increase heart disease risk more than larger LDL particles.
The PREDIMED study found that the group who consumed nuts had a significant decline in small LDL particles and an increase in large LDL particles. What’s more, their HDL (“good”) cholesterol levels increased. In another study, people with normal or high cholesterol were randomly assigned to consume either olive oil or nuts with a high-fat meal.
BOTTOM LINE:Nuts may significantly lower your risk of heart attack and stroke. That’s because nuts increase LDL particle size, raise HDL cholesterol, improve artery function and have various other benefits for heart health.
Source: https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/8-benefits-of-nuts#section10
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Middle Ear Infection (Chronic Otitis Media) and Hearing Loss
WHAT IS OTITIS MEDIA?
Otitis media refers to inflammation of the middle ear. When infection occurs, the condition is called “acute otitis media.” Acute otitis media occurs when a cold, allergy, or upper respiratory infection, and the presence of bacteria or viruses lead to the accumulation of pus and mucus behind the eardrum, blocking the Eustachian tube. This causes earache and swelling.
When fluid forms in the middle ear, the condition is known as “otitis media with effusion.” This occurs in a recovering ear infection or when one is about to occur. Fluid can remain in the ear for weeks to many months. When a discharge from the ear persists or repeatedly returns, this is sometimes called chronic middle ear infection. Fluid can remain in the ear up to three weeks following the infection. If not treated, chronic ear infections have potentially serious consequences such as temporary or permanent hearing loss.
HOW DOES OTITIS MEDIA AFFECT A CHILD’s HEARING?
All children with middle ear infection or fluid have some degree of hearing loss. The average hearing loss in ears with fluid is 24 decibels…equivalent to wearing ear plugs. (Twenty-four decibels is about the level of the very softest of whispers.) Thicker fluid can cause much more loss, up to 45 decibels (the range of conversational speech).
Your child may have hearing loss if he or she is unable to understand certain words and speaks louder than normal. Essentially, a child experiencing hearing loss from middle ear infections will hear muffled sounds and misunderstand speech rather than incur a complete hearing loss. Even so, the consequences can be significant the young patient could permanently lose the ability to consistently understand speech in a noisy environment (such as a classroom) leading to a delay in learning important speech and language skills.
TYPES OF HEARING LOSS
Conductive hearing loss is a form of hearing impairment due to a lesion in the external auditory canal or middle ear. This form of hearing loss is usually temporary and found in those ages 40 or younger. Untreated chronic ear infections can lead to conductive hearing loss; draining the infected middle ear drum will usually return hearing to normal.
The other form of hearing loss is sensorineural hearing loss, hearing loss due to a lesion of the auditory division of the 8th cranial nerve or the inner ear. Historically, this condition is most prevalent in middle age and older patients; however, extended exposure to loud music can lead to sensorineural hearing loss in adolescents.
WHEN SHOULD A HEARING TEST BE PERFORMED?
A hearing test should be performed for children who have frequent ear infections, hearing loss that lasts more than six weeks, or fluid in the middle ear for more than three months. There are a wide range of medical devices now available to test a child’s hearing, Eustachian tube function, and reliability of the ear drum. They include the otoscopy, tympanometer, and audiometer.
Do children lose their hearing for reasons other than chronic otitis media?
Children can incur temporary hearing loss for other reasons than chronic middle ear infection and Eustachian tube dysfunction. They include:
- Cerumen impaction (compressed earwax)
- Otitis externa: Inflammation of the external auditory canal, also called swimmer’s ear.
- Cholesteatoma: A mass of horn shaped squamous cell epithelium and cholesterol in the middle ear, usually resulting from chronic otitis media.
- Otosclerosis: This is a disease of the otic capsule (bony labyrinth) in the ear, which is more prevalent in adults and characterized by formation of soft, vascular bone leading to progressive conductive hearing loss. It occurs due to fixation of the stapes (bones in the ear). Sensorineural hearing loss may result because of involvement of the cochlear duct.
- Trauma: A trauma to the ear or head may cause temporary or permanent hearing loss.
Ear health Tips:
- Use earplugs around loud noises.
- Turn the volume down when you are listening to music using head phone.
- Give your ears time to recover after exposing to loud noice.
- Stop using cotton swabs in your ears, don’t clean ears. They are self cleaning organs. Wax will come out. If you see, clean with damp towel.
- Keep your ears dry
Source https://www.entnet.org//content/middle-ear-infection-chronic-otitis-media-and-hearing-loss
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How to identify psoriasis and ringworm
Both psoriasis and ringworm cause red, scaly patches on the skin. Knowing the symptoms of each condition can help people to identify their rash.
Psoriasis and ringworm are very different conditions. Ringworm is a fungal infection that will go away with treatment. Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune condition that comes and goes throughout a person’s life.
When someone develops a rash, they may find it difficult to work out what caused it. A doctor can examine or order tests to determine which condition they have.
In this article, we look at the differences between ringworm and psoriasis and compare them with other conditions that can cause similar rashes.
Both psoriasis and ringworm can cause red, scaly patches to appear anywhere on the body. Both can also lead to intense itching.
A person who has never had ringworm before or is having their first psoriasis flare may not know which condition they have.
Psoriasis is an autoimmune condition. It causes red, scaly plaques that may have a gray hue or peel. During a psoriasis flare, a person develops scaly, red, irritated patches of skin because of the skin’s rapid shedding.
Psoriasis is not contagious. Researchers are not sure what causes psoriasis, but it tends to run in families. Certain factors, such as stress or alcohol, can trigger a flare.
Ringworm causes a red, circular, and often scaly rash. Ringworm is highly contagious, spreading quickly through contact with another person who has the condition.
A fungal infection causes ringworm. Despite its name, it has nothing to do with worms.
Both psoriasis and ringworm can develop in similar places. One type of psoriasis called inverse psoriasis can affect the area around the groin. When ringworm affects the groin area, it is called jock itch.
Psoriasis often affects the scalp. When ringworm affects the scalp, it is called tinea capitis.
Some important distinctions between psoriasis and ringworm include:
The shape of the rash
Ringworm is often circular. It typically begins as a rash with a clearly defined border that looks like there is a worm under the skin. The center of the rash appears sunken and may be gray or scaly.
While psoriasis rashes can also be round, the shape is less regular and does not resemble a worm.
Rash risk factors
People develop ringworm after coming into contact with someone else who has the infection. Children, anyone in close contact with children, and people who come into contact with others, such as at the gym, are more likely to get the infection.
Psoriasis is not contagious and can affect anyone.
Rash growth
Psoriasis plaques may spread, appearing on one area of the body and then another.
Ringworm grows larger over several days and can spread to other areas of the body.
Changes in the rash
Unlike ringworm, psoriasis plaques can change in color and texture. They are often red at first and then may become grey and scaly, or crack and bleed.
How the rash feels
Both ringworm and psoriasis rashes are itchy, but the ringworm itch is often more intense. Psoriasis can be painful and may tingle or burn. Some people develop other symptoms with psoriasis, such as a fever or muscle aches.
Heat rash
Sweating or being exposed to high temperatures can lead to a heat rash. For example, a person might develop a heat rash on their legs after sitting in front of a space heater.
The rash is not usually painful and goes away on its own in a few days. In some cases, a person might need to use corticosteroid cream to speed healing.
Allergic reaction
An allergic reaction can trigger an outbreak of hives. Allergic reactions typically appear suddenly, either because of something that came into contact with the skin or a food allergen.
Allergic reactions can cause other symptoms, too, such as difficulty breathing or feeling sick.
Dry skin
Although psoriasis plaques can look very dry and scaly, dry skin does not cause them. Dry skin can crack open and bleed, and may peel. Unlike psoriasis, dry skin does not change color or shape.
Skin blisters
Some types of psoriasis, including guttate psoriasis, look like tiny blisters. A blister due to skin irritation, such as from a shoe rubbing the foot, typically develops over several days, then bursts and goes away. If the blisters do not go away or are spreading, it could be psoriasis or another skin disorder.
Treating psoriasis and ringworm
Doctors can treat ringworm using antifungal creams or oral antifungal medication. With the correct treatment, ringworm usually goes away within 2 to 4 weeks.
People with low immunity or debilitating conditions may develop severe infections due to ringworm. To prevent the infection from getting worse, they may need more aggressive treatment.
Psoriasis is a chronic condition. Flares come and go over time. There is no cure, though people can manage their symptoms using creams, medications, or light therapy. They can also reduce the risk of flares by avoiding triggers, such as stress or drinking alcohol.
Source: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323242.php
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